Race in Othello and Titus Andronicus Essay - 1909 Words

Race in Othello and Titus Andronicus Within both Titus Andronicus and Othello both by William Shakespeare the reader is introduced to the concept of a black man within a white society. Stigmas and stereotypes are attached to the black characters of Aaron and Othello. Although each black character has a similar stigma, the characters are very different from one another. Aaron is portrayed as evil, conniving and malevolent, while Othello has none of these traits. Othellos fault lies in the fact that he is very gullible and easily led. Aaron within Titus Andronicus is a character that is both bound and not bound to his colour. Though his actions can be blamed on his colour, there are two paths to follow in this†¦show more content†¦His is the stereotypical black Devil form within Elizabethan literature. The pleasure Aaron takes parallels the pleasure the Devil gets in seeing humans suffer. Aaron proclaims his delight in the trouble he causes with an aside to himself and the audience O how villainy / Doth fat me with the thoughts of it! / Let fools do good, and fair men call for grace: / Aaron will have his soul black like his face (TA III.i.201-204). Aaron gets deep satisfaction and pleasure from the torture of others. Aaron himself acknowledges his anger and his hate towards those around him (Incidentally those around him are all white). The only individual with whom he takes complete trust and compassion is his own child who is as black as he is. Up until his child has been born he has no allies and certainly no friends. He has been good enough to be Tamoras lover, a teacher to her children and a quiet part within the court but he has not been good enough to technically be raised above the station of a slave or servant. It is also ironic to point out the concept of family and colour. Both Titus and Tamora are white people yet their treatment of their own children leaves something to be desired. Titus himself follows the rules and codes of Rome without fail, though his parenting skills are much to be desired. However Aaron who never keeps his word to anyone else (save himself), causes deaths, rapes andShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Moor in the Works of William Shakespeare4150 Words   |  17 Page sof the Other: race such as that of Shylock and Aaron, nationality as in Iachimo, bastardy such as the characters Don John and Edmund, social status such as that belonging to Iago, and deformity, for example, Richard III (35). Not every Other is characterized as evil, but nonetheless depicted as being somehow different or separated from society. Characters such as Malvolio, Faulconbridge, Macbeth, and Othello are of this subdivision.       One sect of Otherness is that of race. During thisRead More William Shakespeares Othello as a Victim Essay1370 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Othello as a Victim Not All Works Cited Included In Othello Shakespeare shows that Othello is victimised in many ways, for instance; his race, his culture, his social position and naÃÆ' ¯ve. Othellos victimisation could also show Shakespeares meaning of the term tragedy. In other Shakespearean tragedies the lead character is shown as cunning, ruthless and manipulative, more similar to Iago than Othello. This could represent a change in Shakespeares Read MoreOthello Research Paper1226 Words   |  5 PagesCarly Niedert Dr. Helen Davis English 120 1 December 2011 Othello In the play Othello written by Shakespeare, the issue of racism is addressed. Othello, the protagonist of the play, is African American or black. â€Å"According to Lois Whitney, many of Othello’s specific attributes probably derive from Shakespeare’s reading of Leo Africanus, whose Geographical Historie of Africa which was translated and published in London in 1600†(Berry, 1990). Many critics have different views on this. â€Å"If ShakespeareRead MoreOthello - Values and Attitudes2518 Words   |  11 Pagesquot;If Othello didnt begin as a play about race, history has made it one.quot; The Venetian society that Othello is set in is representative of the writers context. The attitudes and values that Shakespeare reveals through the text are those same attitudes and values of Elizabethan society in England in the sixteenth-century. Although Othello is set in Venice and Cyprus, the attitudes and values shared in the text are probably reflective of the attitudes and values of Shakespeares ownRead MoreExposing Racism in William Shakespeare’s Othello Essay2036 Words   |  9 Pagesracist’s hate plagues a vulnerable community of black slaves, with religion and war corrupting diverse cultures in the attempts to purify the existence of sin. This enlightening argument of what inspires William Shakespeare’s to compose the play Othello contaminates romantic relationships, Before the integration of black-skinned people into Elizabethan culture, Christian ideology coalesce Satan’s appearance with babies born black, with such manifestations supported by centuries of anecdotal evidenceRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare1824 Words   |  8 Pages242-243). She is nothing close to the loyal wife of Othello in Shakespeare; she is an adulteress who despises the confinement of marriage. While women are used in Shakespeare, these recreated women use men and despise them. Desdemona expresses contempt for marriage â€Å"Women are clad in purdah, we decent, respectable matrons, from cradle to the altar to the shroud†¦bridled with linen, blinded with lace†¦These very walls are purdah† (Adaptations 242). Although race is not the focus in this play, neither is it

Civil Rights in the United States - 1282 Words

Pieces of the People’s Puzzle In total there are fifteen laws that count towards the topic of civil rights in the United States, alone. Kenji Yoshino, author of â€Å"The New Civil Rights† says that in order for us to turn our current beliefs into a set of ‘new’ civil rights, law must play a role. Obvious enough, law alone cannot bring about a new set of civil rights. There are more than enough pieces that could make up this puzzle. For instance, media plays a huge role in this situation. The media only shows what they want us, the people, to see. If we only see what they want us to see then wouldn’t that leave us very narrow-minded? The media adds irrelevant detail to every situation. For example, a person’s race, which otherwise†¦show more content†¦to push the negativities of inequalities in America. I could say â€Å"Racism is wrong† but unless I do something about it and spread word on why racism is wrong, civil rights activism won’t go anywhe re. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines covering as an object or substance that goes over or on top of something especially in order to hide or protect it. Kenji Yoshino donates a more philosophical definition which is also geared towards the topic at hand. He states that covering is â€Å"to tone down a disfavored identity to fit into the mainstream (479).† People should be able to show their true selves to the public. Then, there are people who just can’t show their true identity and they are covering to live. For example, Middle-Eastern women cover their whole bodies in an effort to abide laws or be killed. In a less literal sense, in such a judge-mental society there are millions of homosexuals hiding their true identity for fear of being bashed in public. â€Å"Your commitment is to help people ‘be themselves’ – to resist demands to conform that take away their ability to be the individuals they are. But the covering idea could perpetuate t he stereotypes you want to eliminate (Yoshino 485).† In other words, covering is wrong and we know this so we want to give a helping hand. But, by helping out and showing gays or blacks that it’s okay to act in the manner they really want to act will do no good. As a final verdict in the strife forShow MoreRelatedThe Civil Rights Of The United States Essay1653 Words   |  7 PagesThe United states has been called the, â€Å"Land of The Free† since its independence was won from Great Britain, however, until 1965 â€Å"Free† only applied to a select demographic, white, land owning males. The most largely discriminated demographic before 1996 and somewhat even so today is the African American population. In 1619 the first African American slaves were introduced into the colony of Jamestown, Virginia 1. Then after many years and revolts, in 1831 slavery was finally abolished and all freedRead MoreThe Civil Rights Of The United States951 Words   |  4 PagesCivil rights have been a big issue throughout American history. From the time America was formed, groups have been discriminated against due to their ethnicity, religion, and race. Slaves were not considered American so they did not have rights. They did not become American c itizens until the Fourteenth Amendment was passed in 1868. Still, African Americans still did not have as many rights as other groups. Almost a century after the Fourteenth Amendment was enacted, African Americans were stillRead MoreThe Civil Rights Of The United States902 Words   |  4 PagesJury duty is a constitutional and fundamental right guaranteed to American citizens. Jury service is a way for citizens to directly participate in the judicial system. Jury duty and jury trials have been around for so long that people take it for granted. The jury was one of the factors that caused the American Revolution because the English common law system did not allow alleged criminals to have the sixth amendment rights that the United States has today. In fact, The Declaration of IndependenceRead MoreThe Civil Rights Of The United States2011 Words   |  9 Pagesdifficult part about it was, as time went by, people were given more rights and were unjustly discriminated because of the pa st. This has happened in many cases throughout our countries history. Civil rights are a big part of our society and the past shows many ways that the civil rights of the citizens were taken from. In Unit 2 of the course, we learned three different ways the government can discriminate the people of the United States and the meticulous process it takes the government to discriminateRead MoreThe Civil Rights Of The United States2348 Words   |  10 Pagessegregated. African Americans insisted on receiving their rights. In this essay, I will be analyzing all the main factors, and explaining why I think that the Supreme Court was responsible for the improving status of black people in the United States in the years 1945-1965. The Federal Government plays a role in improving the status of African Americans. Truman was the initial president since Abraham Lincoln to attend to the civil rights issue who affected African Americans. As a young man, TrumanRead MoreThe United States Civil Rights3535 Words   |  15 Pages When citizens of society break federal and state laws they face a punishment known as â€Å" jail† or â€Å" prison†, which purpose is to not only to serve as a punishment but to also act as a program designed to help convicts enter back in to the society as a better person. As citizens of the United States we have civil rights granted to us from the U.S. Constitution that are not meant to just be taken away from us whenever the correctional system feels like it. Many people believe that once a person isRead MoreThe Civil Rights Of The United States891 Words   |  4 Pagesspeaker for the Salazar Vs. Buono case was lead justice, John Roberts. He was born in Buffalo, New York as a religious catholic that took interest in law. Roberts was a graduated from Harva rd Law School who went on to became the Chief Justice of the United States in 2005. However, In 2003 John Roberts was the lead justice of the Supreme court who read the final decision for the Salazar Vs. Buono case. The final decision ruled in favor of Salazar stating that the cross did no longer violate the First AmendmentRead MoreThe Civil Rights Era Of The United States1141 Words   |  5 Pagesis mightier than the mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of man.† (Gandhi). The Civil Rights era was filled with a slew of various protests attempting to bring equality to the African American race in the United States. During this period in history, African American people of all social classes and places across the country were racially oppressed and were denied basic rights that were available to their Caucasian counterparts. People began to protest this oppression and decidedRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Of The United States1668 Words   |  7 PagesTh e civil rights movement in the USA in the 1950’s and 1960’s.can be termed as a democratic movement. The basic reason behind this was the discrimination of the African-Americans that were enslaved and did not have citizen rights. The African-Americans protested greatly against their injustice. The birth of the civil rights movement was before the 1954 Supreme Court’s decision on Brown versus Board of Education (Topeka) which stated that separate but equal schools was against the Constitution. FromRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Of The United States1157 Words   |  5 PagesAnd by virtue of the power and for the purpose of the aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States and parts of States are and henceforward shall be free; and that the Executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons.† (CITE TEXT) I t took just over 100 years for African-Americans to achieve the dream that Abraham Lincoln envisioned nearly a century

Angela Davis An Advocate For Feminism, Prison Reform,...

Biography Angela Davis is recognized as an advocate for feminism, prison reform, and communism. She is best known as a radical African American educator and activist for civil rights. She established her own group called the Critical Resistance, an organization working to abolish the prison-industrial complex.While a high school student, she performed well, earning her a scholarship to Brandeis University where she graduated Magna Cum Laude in French literature. After that, she continued to earn numerous degrees which include studies at University of Paris, 1963–64; graduate study at University of Frankfurt (Germany), 1965–67; University of California, San Diego, M.A., 1968, doctoral study, 1968–69. (Horsley, 2017) Inspiration Born in†¦show more content†¦In 1969 she was fired from her teaching post at the University of Los Angeles because of her affiliation with the Communist Party of the U.S.A. (Gale,2005). Then California Governor Ronald Reagan and President Richard Nixon barred Davis because of speculation of radical behaviour, despite the fact that she was evaluated as being unbiased in her teachings and adored by faculty and students. Angela Davis fought back to be reinstated with the help of strong protests and then On October 20th, Judge Jerry Pacht ruled in favour of Davis by saying they could not fire her because of her affiliation with the communist party (Saxon, 1997). Before present times, the United States had created a system where people of colour—specifically black people, were purposely deprived of the opportunity to live a quality lifestyle. Examples such as improper support of fine schooling, condemning all social interaction between white and black people and seizing th e right to vote(Pilgrim, 2012), promoted negative paths for people of colour. The disenfranchisement of black people is still used today as a step stool for white people to gain high power at their expense. In regards to Angela Davis’ case, Judge Perry Pacht used the constitution to make the decision. He concluded that Governor Reagan and President Nixon would have breached her constitutional right of being a member of a group. On the Constitution of theShow MoreRelatedBlack Feminism : A Profound Effect On Society s History3616 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction Black Feminism has proven to have a profound effect on society’s history, and is now beginning to impact even more this day and age. Black feminism is broader than what comes to mind. It is an essential component of black struggle against oppression and authority. Generally Black feminism is used to empower and liberate black women. Throughout the years many liberals have tried to exclude and silence black feminist. Black feminist have demanded for social, economic and political equalityRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesSandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed.,

An Assignment on sainsbury

Question: An assignment on sainsbury's discussing the sources of income, considerations taken into account by management when choosing type of finance. Calculating WACC based on 2014 balance sheet. Problems that might be encountered by company. Answer: Introduction In this report we are going to study regarding WACC which is an important part of capital structure or we can say helps in taking capital structure decision, the various external sources of finance factors to be kept in mind while making choice of types of finance. The calculation of WACC is required as co wants to raise its capital at lowest possible cost yield higher return. John Pemberton was an American pharmacist who developed Coca cola in 1886 it was sold in 1888 to a businessman who promoted the drink among public by selling free products along with it such as calendars, clocks etc. in 1895 coca cola was started selling in bottles so that it could be consumed everywhere by the customer. In 1917 the export of coca cola was started firstly in Cuba, France Puerto Rico etc. After that many big promotional campaigns were launched in 1920s such as Olympic Games in Amsterdam, bullfighting games in Spain etc. There are near about 400 beverage brands of coca cola such as Fanta, Sprite, Minute maid etc. launched in many countries. (Cleveland, 1995) Sources of finance External sources of finance It refers to raising money from sources outside the business. It includes short term, long term as well as medium term finance. Short term finance: Bank overdraft This facility is available to businessmen having current accounts with banks. Bank provides credit to the businessmen which are more than the balance in their account. Such advance given by the bank is decided earlier as bank provides a limit to the businessmen whoused it to meet his short term liabilities as he can overdraw amount up to this limit allowed by the bank.(Annon, 2008) Trade Credit It refers to allowing credit to customers or providing them grace period to make payment for the purchases made by them. Grace period may be of 60 days, 90 days depending upon the nature type of organization.(Mike, 1996) Factoring This facility is used when business is in urgent need of cash. They get the bill discounted by selling it to a factoring company result of which factoring company will now collect money from the customer. Medium Term Hire Purchase It refers to buying an asset by making few payments as down payment balance in installments over a period of time agreed under hire purchase contract. Interest will also be charged on these installments.(Ehsan, 2006) Leasing It involves use of an asset by lessee but ownership of that asset is not transferred. The lessee will make the payment to lessor till the time the asset is used by him as rent Long Term Bank Loan It involves getting loan from bank for longer period by providing security against that loan. Business is required to repay this loan in installments along with interest. Share Issue it involves public limited co issuing shares up to authorized capital while private limited companies issuing shares to their existing shareholders. Sales and lease back It involves making a sale to Investment Company then leases back this property after a long period of time for using it into the business. Critical evaluation of various sources of finance The long term finance provides permanent source of capital as it involves fixed amount of return which will be paid to investors whether there are profits or not but sometimes it can be a problem for the company to make interest payments.(Natalie, 2012) In medium term finance leasing can provide benefit as asset is not required to be purchased can be used by business. But sometimes cost of leasing asset can be more than cost of purchasing the asset. In case of short term finances bank overdraft facility provided is beneficial as it is flexible limit can be changed anytime as per the needs of business. But interest rates of banks may be high they may demand repayment at short notice which may create problem for the business. Factors influencing Capital Structure decisions Cash Flow Position For making investment it is necessary to check cash flow position of the company as cash is required for making interest payment as well as repayment of principal amount.(Saritha, 2009) Interest coverage ratio (ICR) Although this ratio is not considered as appropriate factor while making capital structure decision but still it is considered to determine the earnings available for making interest payments. Debt Service Coverage Ratio-DSCR: The weakness of ICR is overcome by DSCR ratio as this ratio helps in determining the cash available for making payments. This ratio reflects the debt paying capacity of the company. Return on Investment-ROI This is another factor to be considered while making investment as greater ROI will determine the debt capacity of the company. Cost of Debt It determines the capacity of the company to take debts. Hence it should be kept in mind while determining capital structure.(H, 2011) Tax rate It helps in determining the debt cost which will decrease in case tax rate increases. Cost of equity It is dependent on utilization of debt capital as it will increase with increased use of debt capital. This will also increase the risk of equity shareholders Floatation Costs: It refers to expenditure incurred while issuing securities such as underwriters, brokerage commission etc. the floatation cost of equity capital is more than debt capital. Risk assessment There can be operating risks and financial risks. Risk factor must be kept in mind while taking capital structure decisions. Flexibility: Capital structure should be flexible as capable of changing in amount of capital. Capital amount can be increased or decreased but decrease in amount is possible only in case of debt capital. There is no repayment in case of equity share capital. Hence we can say that issue of debt capital preference capital is preferable.(Zane, 2003) Control: Capital structure is also influenced by control as it must be kept in mind that interest of shareholders should not be affected while taking investment decisions. It is better to raise capital through debt as it will not affect the control position of the company. Regulatory Framework: The regulations provided by government must be followed while making capital structure decisions. For example compulsory requirement of the company to maintain debt equity ratio while raising capital Calculation of WACC Weighted Average cost of capital is the rate offered by the company for making payments to security holders for financing the assets of the company.The assets are financed through debt equity. WACC which is also called as cost of capital of firm is calculated by using following formula.(Annon, 2015) It will also help in determining the interest paying capacity of the company against its finances. Following is the formula for calculating WACC: WACC= E/ (E+D)*Cost of equity/ (E+D)* cost of debt* (1-Tax rate) Coca Cola co.s returns are higher than its costs as its cost of capital is approximately 8.32 % as compared to ROI which is 14.45%. The continuity in higher returns will increase the value the growth prospects of the business.(William, 2013) Calculation of Weights As we know that debt equity are used to finance the assets of the company, thus it is necessary to calculate the weights of equity debt. The market capitalization of coca cola is approx. $ 176085.6 million which is denoted by E. The book value of debt is used to calculate market value of debt by adding latest two year average of short term long term debt in order to simplify the calculation. For the year ending 2015 the two year average of coca cola Companys short term debt is $20310.4 million while long term debt is $19110.4 million. The book value is $39408 million. Weights of equity = E/E+D =176085.6/ (176085.6+39408) = .817 Weights of debt= D/ (E+D) = 39408/ (176085.6+39408) = .183 Calculation of cost of equity CAPM model is used to calculate cost of equity as per following formoula: Cost of equity = Risk free rate of return+ Beta of asset* (expected return of market- risk free rate of return.(Franklin, 1996) Risk free rate of Coca Cola Company is 2.44%, Beta is 1.04, Expected return of market less risk free rate of return is 8% Cost of equity = 2.44+1.04 *(8) = 10.76% Cost of Debt The co.s interest expense amounting to $ 479 million book value was $39408 million. Hence cost of debt will be 1.23% (483/39408) WACC = .8171*10.76%+.183*1.23*(1-24%) =.0879+.171 =.259 Conclusion It can be concluded from the above that return on investments are high as compared to its cost incurred to raise the capital. However if the returns on investment is lower as compared to its cost it may badly affect the value growth of business.(Scott, 2007) But on the other hand excess returns on investment will increase the value as well as growth prospects of business. Therefore it is recommended that while making investment decisions above mentioned factors must be considered. So, that it can be ensured that investment will yield a higher return. WACC appears to be simple theoretically but it is difficult to calculate from practical point of view. WACC tool is used by many investors to take decisions regarding making investments. Bibliography Annon, 2008. https://www.dineshbakshi.com/igcse-gcse-economics/private-firm-as-producer-and-employer/revision-notes/1296-external-sources-of-finance. External sources of finance . Annon, 2015. https://www.gurufocus.com/term/wacc/KO/Weighted%2BAverage%2BCost%2BOf%2BCapital%2B%2528WACC%2529/Coca-Cola%2BCo. Coca-Cola Co (NYSE:KO)WACC. Cleveland, P. S., 1995. The cost of capital : theory estimation. USA: greenwood publishing group. Ehsan, N., 2006. Finance. Newyork: s.n. Franklin, P. J., 1996. Understanding Return on Investment. Canada: John Wiley SOns. H, B. K., 2011. Capital structure corporate financian decision. s.l.:s.n. Mike, B., 1996. accounting Finance in Business. s.l.:s.n. Natalie, P., 2012. A Critical analysis of efficacy of law as a tool. USA: University Press of america. Saritha, P., 2009. https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/stock-exchange/14-important-factors-affecting-the-choice-of-capital-structure/1042/. Important Factors Affecting the Choice of Capital Structure. Scott, B., 2007. Essentials of managerial finance. s.l.:Cengage Learning. William, L. R., 2013. Practical Financial Management. Canada: s.n. Zane, S., 2003. Capital structure paradigm. USA: Praeger Publishers.