Outsourcing Software Jobs :: Globalization

Outsourcing Software Jobs Introduction Henry is an experienced programmer for a large software alliance in Silicon Valley. Despite dedicating 10 days working for the company, he recently received notice that he will soon be laid-off. Before leaving, however, the company instructs him to train his replacement -- a programmer abroad. The software company realized that Henrys job duties can be achieved by overseas workers earning importantly lower wages for the same (or better) quality of work. Unfortunately, Henry is faced with the difficult decision of training his own replacement. Based on Henrys values, must he dutifully perform his instructions and train the overseas programmer? Why did the company choose to outsource the job if Henry is capable of the jobs requirements and neglect his loyalty and contributions to the company? This particular example introduces the ethical issues involved with outsourcing software jobs. For the past two decades, U.S. companies have been experi encing an era of tremendous economical growth, largely due to the rapid developments in technology. Consequently, to ensure survival in a capitalistic market, U.S. companies have tried to keep pace with technological changes and competitive pressures by various means, including outsourcing software jobs. With change magnitude competition both domestically and internationally, U.S. companies have sent many software jobs outside the United States. This paper focuses on the outsourcing of software jobs and analyzes the Global Workforce -- a growing trend among U.S. companies to not only do business globally, but also employ people globally. Trends in Outsourcing Software Jobs The Internet glory years as we closed the decade (infamously known as the Internet Bubble) could not get enough of software engineers. New graduates from American colleges and universities found themselves having sevenfold job offers even before graduation. Today, that phenomena is long gone. The degradation of the U.S. economy, the lack of supply of new American engineering graduates, and the positive impacts of outsourcing have forced U.S. companies to look overseas to enhance company talent and maximize cost efficiency. Many studies have shown that U.S. companies, especially the high tech industry, have been outsourcing software jobs overseas to countries such as India and China. For instance, IBM, the largest information processing system company in the world, recently announced that they would move up to 4,730 programmers from U.S. to India 3. According to a November 2003 report 8 by the American Electronics Association, the United States lost 540,000 jobs in the high-tech industry in 2002.

Call To Action :: essays research papers

strain to ActionImprove nations votinging but leave control to localsAuthor UnknownSUMMARY A Call to Action is an article from the Houston Chronicle on Thursday, February 20, 2001 informing the nation on the debatable issue of the nations ballots system. The article begins with the announcement of next months nosecount Bureau release of the populations data. This means that all the voting boundaries are going to be redrawn and reconfigured. It continues to talk about the amazingly close and controversial presidential election on November 7th. Difficulties erupted all over the state of Florida and throughout the United States in which the reliability and accuracy of the balloting system is questioned. Fortunately, because of the controversial ballots and ballot systems there have been numerous groups and committees organized to study and improve our out of date voting system. It says that several people in Congress are on the job(p) on multiple bills being created to establish na tion wide standards for ballot-counting systems. The article states, One U.S. House lawmaker, Beaumont Democrat Nick Lampson, wants national standards for voting machines and poll closing curtain times. The beginning agrees with Lampson in that the voting machines have multiple flaws, one being the problematic punch card ballots. But he also thinks that the press would accident a fit if there was a national closing time at the polls just for the sake of avoiding early winning announcements. The National acquaintance of Secretaries of States task force on election standards suggests leaving the enforcement issue to locals but have the giving medication pay for voting machines. They also exhort more voter education, improved training for poll workers and maintaining up-to-date voter rolls. In the end the author feels that the communities should take on the responsibilities for reformation instead of an all-in-one government plan. He closes by reminding the reader that the nation s President is elected through the Electoral College and the communities should supervise the voting procedure.OPINION I agree with the authors view on improving the voting system. I believe something needs to be done at least by the next election. In the election of 2000, Florida happened to be the center of the maelstrom. I find it hard to believe that any state that has had problems in the past with voting irregularities would continue to use the equivalent flawed ballot system. Florida continues using a system year after year that allows people to vote twice on one ballot for the equal political office, or that makes the results questionable because the paper might not be punched through enough for the machines to compute the votes?

Internet Essay -- essays research papers

"We live in an age of scientific triumph. Science has greatly enlarged human knowledge" (Bishop237) and communication. Despite the recent hype, the net is not a new phenomenon. Its roots lie in a collection of computers that were linked together in the 1970s to form the US incision of Defenses communications systems. It is a technology that would be invented today if it hadnt been invented in the past because of the world need for high tecnology.      Millions of people worldwide would be using the meshwork to share information, make new associations and communicate. Individuals and businesses, from students and journalists, to consultants, programmers and corporate giants are all harnessing the power of the Internet. For many people the Internet would become integral to their operations. The internet would allow users to file and receive data messages, notes, letters, documents, pictures, video, sound- undecomposed about any form of communication, a s effortlessly as making a phone call. It is easy to understand why the Internet would become the corporate communications medium. Using the mouse on your computer, would be an uncomplicated point-and-click task whose function would give you acess to send electronic ring armor for sending and receiving data, and file transfer for copying files from one computer to another. Telnet services allow you to establish connections with systems on the other side of the world as if they were just next door. ...

The Lesson :: Analysis, Toni Cade Bambara

Throughout history knowledge, culture and information has been passed down at heart communities. Life lesson were often taught by older, wiser or formally educated people within the community. This idea still holds true today, especially in low-income communities as illustrated in the short story The Lesson by Toni Cade Bambara. I am led to believe that story took place in a low-income community in the early to mid-sixties as African-American families moved to buzz off better opportunities, when extended families moved north as groups and then spreading out into their respective community (507). suffer Moore, who had obtained a college education, assumed this role within her community by saying it was only right that she should take responsibility for the young ones education (507). Initially the lesson of the day was the value of money, still quickly evolved into several different lessons for the children in attendance that day.Miss Moore begins her lesson by planting a seed in the minds of the children in the form of small parley such as what things cost, how much their parents made, how much they spent on rent and how money was not divided up right in this country (508). This got the children thought about the money that ordinary people within their community spent on everyday survival. Their field trip brings them to a fancy Fifth alley toy store F.A.O Schwartz (512), where they admire toys form the window. The children begin to notice the outlandish prices that the toys were being sold for, which further waters the seed embedded in their subatomic minds earlier. Their eyes settled on a sailboat displayed in the window. Its outrageous price tag read, one thousand one hundred ninety-five dollars (510). surprise and taken back they could not believe that anyone would pay that much money to entertain a child, one child immediately asked, This boat for Kids, Miss Moore? (510). This growing seed in their minds sparks the question of, why some people ca n afford such expensive toys and not others, as they enter the store. As they finish in the toy store and get home, Miss Moore prods the children to see if they had grasped the lesson as she intended. Sugar, one of the children spoke and said You know, Miss Moore, I dont think all of us here put together eat in a year what that sailboat costs (512). Miss Moore was elated to dominate that the message of social inequality had been relayed to at least one of the children.

The Last Turn of the Crew: A “Battle” between the Governess and Miles E

Henry James the Turn of the Screw, written in the Victoria era, tells a ghost story of a governesss experience with two children in the house. By presenting the story in a symbolic way, the ambiguous narrative of the ghost story suggests an inner strife of immorality and innocence in the governess. It also seems to imply a loss of insanity and a tragedy as a result of the oppression of desire. This paper will argue that chapter 23 is the most crucial part of the story, because it is the first moment the Governess found the weakness of the ghosts and has a real confrontation with the ghost indirectly through Miles. Miles suggestion of going out drives her to the wall, which leads to the tragic end that the exactly way for governess to protect Miles is to hold him in her, even it is too tight to cleanup him. The paper will first analyze important scenes in chapter 23. Then it will reveal the symbolic meanings and the latent conflicts in the story, which is significant to their batt le in chapter 23 and the ending.Before chapter 23, Flora is finally corrupted by Miss Jessel as the governess perceives, which signifies a failure of the governess to protect the children. The sudden change not only leaves the governess faces Miles alone, but also forces the governess to make a resolution. The governess realizes that the situation is demanding only another turn of the screw (79). And the final turn of the screw which push her into an extremely comical direction (79) takes place in chapter 23.The chapter starts with a vague dialogue mingled with governess and Miles who are left alone. The governess first denies that they are not absolutely alone, implying the existence of the ghosts. However, Miles seems to exact that by answer... ...riumph, Miles breaks that by asking for going out, which breaks her plump nerve and sanity. The only thing the governess can do to defense her power and her innocence is to hold Miles tightly till his death so that Quint has lost M iles forever (87). In conclusion, since the governess perceives the fight between the ghosts and her represents her inner fight of immoral and moral, the confrontation in chapter 23 is the last turn of the screw as the governess finally discovers the weakness of the ghost and it is the last chance for her to win. Miles request starts a quiet fight between them and drives the whole story to an extreme direction that the governess at last loses her sanity with an excessive protection that kills Miles. The story thus seems to imply an insanity and tragedy as a result of oppressed desire and sexuality in the special period of time.

The Last Turn of the Crew: A “Battle” between the Governess and Miles E

Henry James the Turn of the Screw, written in the Victoria era, tells a ghost story of a governesss experience with two children in the house. By presenting the story in a symbolic way, the ambiguous narrative of the ghost story suggests an inner conflict of immorality and innocence in the governess. It in like manner seems to imply a loss of insanity and a tragedy as a result of the oppression of craving. This paper will argue that chapter 23 is the more or less crucial part of the story, because it is the first moment the Governess found the weakness of the ghosts and has a real confrontation with the ghost indirectly through Miles. Miles suggestion of deprivation protrude drives her to the wall, which leads to the tragic end that the only way for governess to protect Miles is to hold him in her, even it is too tight to kill him. The paper will first die important scenes in chapter 23. Then it will reveal the symbolic meanings and the latent conflicts in the story, which is s ignificant to their battle in chapter 23 and the ending.Before chapter 23, Flora is last corrupted by Miss Jessel as the governess perceives, which signifies a failure of the governess to protect the children. The sudden change not only leaves the governess faces Miles alone, but also forces the governess to make a resolution. The governess realizes that the situation is demanding only another turn of the screw (79). And the final turn of the screw which push her into an extremely unusual bearing (79) takes place in chapter 23.The chapter starts with a vague dialogue between governess and Miles who are left alone. The governess first denies that they are not absolutely alone, implying the existence of the ghosts. However, Miles seems to accept that by answer... ...riumph, Miles breaks that by asking for going out, which breaks her last nerve and sanity. The only thing the governess can do to defense her power and her innocence is to hold Miles tightly till his death so that Quin t has unconnected Miles forever (87). In conclusion, since the governess perceives the fight between the ghosts and her represents her inner fight of immoral and moral, the confrontation in chapter 23 is the last turn of the screw as the governess at long last discovers the weakness of the ghost and it is the last chance for her to win. Miles request starts a quiet fight between them and drives the whole story to an extreme direction that the governess at last loses her sanity with an excessive protection that kills Miles. The story thus seems to imply an insanity and tragedy as a result of oppressed desire and sexuality in the special period of time.

Advantages and disadvantages of the civil war Essay

In 1861, when the Civil War broke out, the alliance and the gist both had numerous advantages and disadvantages and there were multiple wo workforce and slaves that contributed to the war. To begin with, the Confederacy had its material advantages that helped it push through the war, one of which was its strong leaders. Many believed Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee were some of the best officers even ahead the war. Also, they had the advantage of fighting on their own soil. They knew the terrain better that of their counterparts. A psychological aspect could be that fighting for their land, for their families, could have been the driving force or motivation. Moreover, they have longer coast lines which change magnitude the travel time and decreased the chances of blockade or capturing of ports and major cities.On the other hand, the Confederacy did have several disadvantages as well. First, they were not recognized by Europe at all which limited their foreign aid. The Confed eracy withal had minimal factory production and industry. At the beginning of the war, the Confederacy had only one-ninth the industrial capacity of the callable north. But that statistic was misleading. In 1860, the North manufactured 97 percentage of the countrys fire armor, 96 percent of its railroad locomotives, 94 percent of its cloth, 93 percent of its pig iron, and over 90 percent of its boots and shoes. There was not even one rifleworks in the entire South.The railroad system that the Union had was far more sophisticated than that of the Confederacy, having over ten thousand more miles of railroad tracks that were, in itself, more modern. Due to the large amounts of manufacturing businesses and the railroad system to bm the products, the Union, unlike the Confederacy, could produce and ship weapons, clothing, and food at a much more efficient rate than their counterparts. Also, because they were a newly founded sovereign state, the Confederacy did not have a professiona l, organized standing ground forces and navy. The army and navy of the Federal United States were already organized and ready for war. Since, The Union had a naval advantage and the confederacy had Long Coastlines that were hard to defend,the union could block the Confederates ports for supplies. Furthermore, the economy of the Confederacy was destroyed by the Union.Second, the Union also had its many advantages as well as some disadvantages. One of the Norths significant advantages in fighting the war was that the industrial, urbanized Northern states held a significant edge in the population and manpower. The North had over twenty-two million people whereas the South had just over nine million (three and a half million of whom were disgracefuls). Additionally, the Union had already an more experienced government since it was around for some years, when on the contrary, the Confederate government was fresh and new. Also, as mentioned before the Union was far more industrialized w ith its vast networks of factories, railroads, and ships which exceed any amount of industrialization in the south.This aspect gave the Union of being able to ship supplies and equipment faster and finance the war much better than the Confederacy. Finally, as it was also mentioned previously, the Union did have a large navy that allowed them to block major gray ports. During the horrible four years of the Civil War, women who did not own property, did not have the right to vote, or did not have many civil liberties came unitedly in support of the war efforts. Women were so eager to help that they hid their identity by dressing as men, taking up masculine names, and took up arms of their own. They cared for sick and dying soldiers, risked their lives to gather information as spies, cooked, cleaned and care for children. The tenacity and love with which these women served their country was astounding, and yet often overlooked.About 3,000 women served as Union army nurses. Dorthea D ix was one women who was acknowledged for being the Nations first superintendent of women nurses. Clara Barton was recognized for being the first women to work in the U.S. Patent Office and was granted the name Angel of the Battlefield. Sally Tompkins was a Confederate army nurse commissioned as captain because she performed her hospital duties so heroically. Finally, Belle Boyd was honored for being a brave Confederate nurse and spy.After President Lincoln presented the Emancipation proclamation, which held a section for the enlistment of African Americans into the Union Army, African American men rushed to enlist. This time they were accepted into all-black units. The first of these was the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts Colored Regiment, led by white officer Robert Gould Shaw. Their heroism in combat put to anticipate worries over the willingness of black soldiers to fight.Soon other regiments were being formed, and in May 1863 the War Department established the Bureau of Colored T roops. Black recruiters, many of them abolitionists much(prenominal) as Frederick Douglass, Henry Highland Garnet, and Mary Ann Shadd Cary, brought in troops from throughout the North. Douglass proclaimed, I urge you to fly to arms and smite with death the power that would engulf the government and your liberty in the same hopeless grave.Others, such as Harriet Tubman, recruited in the South. On March 6, 1863, the Secretary of War was informed that seven degree centigrade and fifty blacks who were waiting for an opportunity to join the Union Army had been rescued from slavery under the leadership of Harriet Ross Tubman. By the end of the war more than 186,000 black soldiers had joined the Union army 93,000 from the Confederate states, 40,000 from the border slave states, and 53,000 from the free states.They participated in about 500 Civil War battles and skirmishes. Although they were treated unequally they go along to volunteer. For example, white privates in the Union army wer e paid $13 monthly with and extra $3.50 clothes allowance, while black privates in the Union were only paid $10 monthly WITHOUT an extra clothes allowance. It wasnt until 1864 that Congress equalized the pay for the black and white soldiers. Also, the mortality rate of blacks were higher than that of whites due to the fact that they were assigned to labor duty in the germ-ridden garrisons where they were likely to ctach typhoid, pneumonia, malaria, or other diseases.

Historical Development of Physical Education Essay

Primitive man moves according to their satisfaction, needs and necessity. They just live by means of hunting such wild animals in the fo quietus, or by fishing along the rivers, streams and sometimes they engage in welfare murder to realize their protection from adverse elements or a hostile environments. tangible activities were not organized by them. Beca recitation their motives about this are for searching foods and protects their selves from their enemies, their gregarious nature was indwelling and drives only(prenominal) by mating and propagation that gives them desire to dance and play which not being organized.In the Ancient Oriental Countries, china concerned only by their intellectual excellence they neglecting somatogenetic activities however some are believes about the importance of this to the body and has a spirit. And this was only a riches and kick upstairs class this was music, dancing and archery. Like in split feather dance, whole feather dance, battle dance and the humanity dance which popular by them. medical checkup Gymnastics has developed as early as 2698 BC, people had felt illness because of their sedentary life which them to realize the importance of physical activities. The Kung Fu as an earlier exercise in the history that they contributed like in Ancient China, Yoga has been contributed also by Indian people that composed of exercises the posture and regulates breaths. This exercise has been accepted by people as the important activity to discipline minds and body.There as some Greece Philosopher, teachers and medical men who and contributes worth of Physical Education. According to Herodotus recognized the use of physical education as an aid to medicine as early as the fifth century. Galen stated that physical education is a part of hygiene and subordinate to medicine. Socrates gave emphasis on the important of physical education attaining health in order to achieve ones purpose in life grave mistakes caused by poor de cisions can be a result of poor health. Plato considered gymnastics and music as the two most important issuings in the curriculum. Xenophon thought of physical education as important in terms of the military and essential to success in life soundness of the mind and body.The Physical Education during the Dark AgesThis period is the Physical activities are only characterized by the strong healthy and physically morally deteriorated as their way of life. This was the asceticism and scholasticism. blase pleasures are not recognized by them because they prepare their lives in the next world. So their body has not physically fit because they focus of what they believe. The scholasticism believes the find to successful life as the development of the mental or intellectual powers. This beliefs has presented a challenge to physical activities are not allowed to be one of the subject in curriculum.The Physical Education during the Age of FeudalismThe period of Feudalism come into the b eing often the death of powerful ruler Charlemagne in 1814, it was a system of land tenure that based upon the allegiance and service of the nobleman or lord which owned everything. The kinds of Physical Education were like a fond and military in nature. That strengthens and hardens the body to be rigorous of whatever tasks. Physical activities are played as a major part in the dressing of knighthood and for self preservation only.Physical Education during the RenaissanceThe Physical Education has an impact to their bodies and soul that inspirable and endorsable. A good physical health promoted learning and rest and recreation that needed by the body. This believes was necessary for health to develop the body as a preparation for welfare and recognition for the important contribution of physical education to the social and moral life.

Media Review: On Climate Change

Even before the post-contemporary period, various environmental problems have been detected as one of the principal factors that presume the change on the way of life all over the world. It is for the reason that environment serves as the prime setting wherein people do their thing and advance their way of living.Climate change has been one of the factors that people consider in performing their day-by-day tasks and endeavors. It has significantly seen as something that changes the outline of the world and civilizations, geographically and sociologically wise.Global Warming is not a new issue. Global warming is the primary cause of sudden climate change that tends to make the climate hotter (Tyagi). The babys room gases are trapped in the atmosphere which makes the increase in temperature. This effects of this phenomenon are severe such that all regions of are feeling and witnessing them. The melting of the scratch caps of the Polar Regions is one of its effects likewise, drough t and intense heat (Tyagi).These effects have also bad effects on mankinds daily activities. Vegetations and agriculture have been sternly affected by climate change. Various diseases that are triggered from having a very high temperature are also detected to weaken the health of the people (Tyagi). These are just some of the ill-effects of untoward climate change.Nevertheless, such detrimental effects of extreme climate change could be hardened and even prevented from impairing the world and the mankind. By being aware and involved on campaigns and programs that tend to rehabilitate the environment, one could really be assured that the problem on climate change could be addressed if not instantly at least gradually. Lastly, environmental issues should not be used for selfish interests and political propaganda. No matter how perfect the economy and the politics of one country if the environment is at risk, all the things that it has would disappear if environment problems would no t be addressed and assumption priority.Work CitedTyagi, Avinash. Climate Change and Global Warming. Rajat Publications , 2006.

Geological Education Unknown to Man Essay

Certain things in life occur even without our knowledge. Sometimes, these are the experiences that will forever change the course of our lives. I completely make up out about these as I embarked on a journey to discover the realities of life. I bore witness to the recondite beauty of the terra firma as we went on an educational expedition to Washington D. C. As we were headed towards our destination, I became excited more than ever. Finally, I would be given the opportunity to explore the wonders that this surface area has hid from its citizens.First stop we went to was the Potomac River. I was amazed at the Bedrock of Meta-greywacke that welcomed us in the place. The area was definitely sandy, with slight foliations. Pink and Grey sandstones were also procurable in the area, and I think that these were formed callable to abyssal turbidity currents. The gradient beds get destroyed during metamorphosis. Next stop that we went to was the Rock Creek prune Zone found in the Ama zonia part of the Zoo. I sight that there were Quartz pebbles and granite cobbles found on the rock.We were given information that the fault was 15 km deep, was more ductile, and was more likely to falter. What we saw were more or less elongated, and smeared clasts, that were exposed to the environment due to erosion. In addition to this, we put one across also observed that some of the metagraywracke contained garnets. Garnets are considered to be medium grade meta minerals that are exposed due to heat and pressure. I was amazed at how such minerals were able to be exhibited in such rocks. As we went on further with the trip, I became more and more inclined into what we were settleing.I discovered that Beech St. Tunnel was also do of metagraywreck. This was the rock that seeps out calcite from mortar. In addition to this, this type of rock could also form stalactites. As we went on further with the trip, Potomal formations also caught our attention. These were poorly sorted, ha ving the presence of unlithided river deposits. I also discovered that the bottom of the hill was 460 mya, with the top being 100 mya. In addition to this, the erosion that occurs among the young App would cause unconformities, with the deposits being on top.Furthermore, the poking fault of the potomal form found under the metagraywracke river removed the weight from the crust, which was then rebounded causing the fault. On the other hand, the rocks that contained serisites were formed due to the chemical stabilities present, as combine with low temperature and pressure. This kind of change was formed starting as a storalite. Storalites are considered to be high grade meta minerals, which easily change shape due to the cooling temperature. As we went on, I saw observed that there were rocks that shad more clasts.The Kink Bandine was created when a highly foliated rock was compressed in the counseling of foliaton. I know that it may sound technical, but its not. The movement of th e earth has caused the rocks to be stretched, changing their physical appearance. The Kensington Tonalite, on the other hand, was another site to marvel. This is the granite gneiss found in Rock Creek, which was north-south direction of the D. C. I was impressed with natural changes that occur in the earth as time passes by.The trip made us believe further that even the slightest changes in temperature and pressure could alter the rocks greatly. The clasts become stretched further, expanding them to greater heights. Moreover, we are brought to a conclusion that these natural beauties can stand the test of time. fools gold porphyroblasts are also visible in metagraywracke. These come in square shapes, but are not to be considered as sedimentary grains. One unmingled example of their strength is the ability to hold the bridge. Unknown to many, the bridge was made mostly of rocks.The strength that this creation has is incredibly impressive, and would definitely grab the attention of geologists and students alike. As mentioned earlier, the shapes and sizes of these rocks have been naturally altered by erosion and weathering. More and more rocks have been exposed, that have been hidden for the past how many years. These are the wonders that have been hidden from the rest of the world that others did not witness. The kind of exposure trip provided for us was something that I will forever keep in my heart.I was able to learn new things that were unknown to me before. In addition to this, we were able to see first hand the different geological specimens discussed in class. Sometimes, learning should not only be done in school, but also in the real world. The trip has been effective in our application of the knowledge done in school. Aside from the experience, the trip also made us feel good about ourselves. Regardless of all the scientific and logical explanations that we had towards our environment, there are still certain things that we have no control of.I marvel led at how nature would take its course in allowing us to bear witness to things and circumstances that were beyond our reach. From everything that has been said and discovered, I believe that these educational trips are effective in promoting the education of students. Theoretical education is being applied through the exposure of such wonders. Besides, knowledge is not just learned within the walls of the classroom. Knowledge is best learned through the application of knowledge and the exploration of things and circumstances that we are unaware of.

Offshore Internet Gambling and the World Trade Organization Essay

faux pas Study depth psychology of the Offshore lucre Gambling and the Wto Case Study Analysis Offshore profits Gambling and the World slyness OrganizationRunning Head Case Study Analysis of the Offshore Internet Gambling and the WTO Case Study Analysis Offshore Internet Gambling and the World mickle Organization Ayman NaguibAbstract This case study compendium discusses the central issue of the case presented in the article, as well as the most relevant facts and assumptions with respect to the case under investigation. Furthermore, patterns that arise from reflection on these facts and assumptions with relation to external environs perspectives argon described. The analysis also examines the consequences of not addressing the central issue of the case, and provides suggested actions in order to resolve it in the short and long term. Introduction The World Trade Organization (WTO) has been complete as the worlds single inter commonwealthal organization dealing with the rules and regulations governing trade mingled with nations. In principal, the WTO is concerned with helping producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their task deep down a competitive, non-discriminatory, open and transparent global trade framework. However, in reality, achieving these objectives is far from being easy.The complexity of the WTO agreements signed by the majority of the worlds trading nations and collisions with national legislative frameworks, economic policies of the individual member states and political issues are the main hurdles in the way of achieving the objectives of the WTO. Consequently, several disputes have surfaced during the away decade. One of the most remarkable cases involved the Offshore Internet Gambling activities that take place in Antigua, a Caribbean island state. The importance of this case screwing be attributed to the fact that it was the first attempt by the WTO to examine cross-border electronic services as has been shown by Pontell, H., Geis, G., and Brown, G. (2007).The roots of the dispute amid the regular army and Antigua are undoubtedly related to the criminal prosecution of Jay Cohen, an American citizen that cofounded and ran an online sport business licensed in Antigua. The basis of the prosecution was an alleged violation of the US Wire incite (U.S. Code, Title 18 1604) (United States v. Cohen, 2001). The aforementioned statue was enacted in 1961, decades before the internet became publicly accessible. Antigua claimed that the USA has been using the complexity and opacity of its own legal system to distract attention from thefundamental issue which is to retain revenues from internetRunning Head Case Study Analysis of the Offshore Internet Gambling and the WTO turn deep down the US, which contradicts with the USAs obligations as per the General Agreement on Trade in serve (GATS) that the USA ratified. On the other hand, the USA claimed that the disputed activity poses financ ial and social threats to its citizens. Identification of the Central Issue While the GATS explicitly concedes the right of sovereign states to regulate and to devise laws on the supply of services within their countries to meet national policies and strategies (Krajweski and Marcus, 2003), aligning such regulations, legislative instruments and policies to the commitments of the individual states that are signatory to the GATS and vice versa is often a problematic affair that has led to a majority of the recent disputes handled by the WTO.This is clear the case in the Internet Gambling dispute. Another issue is maintaining a balance between the special need of developing and poorer countries and those of the richer and already essential countries, as far as the liberalization of service trade is concerned. Notably, a study of the WTO dispute settlement cases during the period from 1995 to 2006 (World Trade Organization WTO, 2006) shows that the USA has been involved in approximat ely 38% of all disputes handled by the organization during that period. Most of these disputes involved developing countries. Notable Facts and Assumptions Based on a study of the facts and assumptions stated in the article, the following facts can be identified The GATS was applicable to betting and gambling and the USA was in violation of the GATS agreement The WTO mechanism allows sovereign states to restrict that trade of certain products or services that are deemed to pose risks to public morals and/or public order, provided that such products or services are the production of such products or rendering of such services should not be allowed domestically. However, as far as the USA is involved, gambling activities are permitted in several states, such as Nevada, Michigan and Ohio, amongst othersThe American legal framework is complicated and somehow obscure due to the variation between State level laws and Federal laws and The USA has ratified the GATS with fall out making ex clusions pertaining to gambling activities, unlike the Senegal which made an explicit exclusion in its agreement to rule out crossborder betting (WTO,2005, p. 63)Similarly, the following assumptions can be pointed out Antigua has demonstrated that it has devised rules and regulations aiming at addressing, as far as reasonably practicable, the concerns over fraud and under-age betting. In fact, the measures taken by the Antigua appear to be more stringent than those enforced within the USRunning Head Case Study Analysis of the Offshore Internet Gambling and the WTO Suspicions have arisen as to the true motives behind the USAs claims, which could indicate that the claim was driven by the desire to retain revenues generated from internet gambling and Restrictions that the USA tried to impose over Internet gambling activities, would negatively affect the Antiguan economy. Arising Patterns and the External Environment The arising patterns suggest that on the technological environment, bran-new technologies such as the internet and related technologies pose a challenge to national legislations and international regulatory frameworks which need to address the implications of such advancements.Furthermore, the political environment is affected by issues arising from the power that the more developed and rich nations try to exercise on poorer developing nations in order to enforce their national strategies, which can sometimes be in contradiction to the global inclination towards facilitating the growth of developing nations. As far as the economic environment is concerned, the consequences of such disputes whitethorn be greatly harmful for developing countries such as Antigua, compared to the impact it might have on developed nations such as the USA. For example, in 1999, 10 percent of Antiguas gross national product (US$ 0.6 Billion) was generated from online gambling, which was equivalent to only 0.006 percent of the gross national product of the US during the s ame year.Consequences There are several consequences of not addressing the central issue identified in this analysis, the most significant amongst which is making agreements such as the GATS ineffective due to the collision between national interests of the more powerful countries and the brisk needs of developing countries. Furthermore, tradeimbalances and discriminatory global wealth distribution will be inevitable, which will clearly be inclined towards the more powerful and developed nations will have control. Recommended Actions In light of this analysis, the short-term actions that are suggested to resolve the central issue think working towards streamlining the internet gambling business in Antigua in collaboration with the USA to ensure that concerns over fraud and underage gambling is reasonably addressed.Furthermore, the USA should adopt a more transparent approach that avoids double standards in deeming the legality of internet gambling. On the long term, an internationa l framework is required in order to establish a more effective and transparent mechanism to maximise the alignment of national legislation with international treaties, without compromising the rights of each nation over its legislative instruments. Additionally, the WTOs should enforce provisions that are meant to give developing nations a special and a moreRunning Head Case Study Analysis of the Offshore Internet Gambling and the WTO lenient status when liberalisation of trade is concerned. These provisions should also be protected against unjust practices from developed nations. On the other hand, the WTO and particularly its developed nations members should assist developing countries to implement legislative reforms that ensure that such countries to achieve better governance and compliance in adopting more fair trade practices.Running Head Case Study Analysis of the Offshore Internet Gambling and the WTO References CIA 2008. Antigua and Barbuda. The World Factbook, Updated Augu st 7. Retrieved from https//www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ac.html. Djordjevic M (2002) Domestic Regulation and Free Trade in Services A Balancing Act. Legal issues on Economic Integration, vol 29, no 3. Krajweski, Marcus (2003). National Regulation and Trade Liberalization in Services The Legal Impact of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) on National Regulatory familiarityKluwer Law planetary, The Hague-London-New York. Lang, Andrew (2004) The GATS and Regulatory AutonomyA Case Study of Social regulation of the Water Industry, Journal of international Economic Law, 7(4). Mattoo Aaditya and Sauv, Pierre, Editors (2004. Domestic Regulation and Services Trade liberalization. World Bank and Oxford University Press. Pontell, H., Geis, G., and Brown, G. (2007). Offshore Internet gambling and the World Trade Organization Is it criminal behavior or a commodity? International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 1(1), 119-136. Scott Sinclair and Jim Grie shaber-Otto (2002) Facing the Facts A guide to the GATS Debate, Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, Ottawa. World Trade Organization (2007). WTO Dispute Settlement One-Page Case Summaries 1995September 2006. Geneva WTO Publications.

Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals Essay

1. Visit the websites of companies like Wal-Mart, Dell and Home Depot, and externalise if you notify find discussions of their come out drawing string counsel activities. List information you can find on purchasing/supplier issues, logistics, information systems, quality and customer service. Purchasing/supplier issues Wal-Mart unceasingly emphasized the need to reduce its purchasing be and offer the best price to its customers. The company procured goods directly from manufacturers, bypassing all intermediaries. Wal-Mart was a tough negotiator on prices and finalized a purchase deal only when it was fully confident that the products being bought were not available elsewhere at a lower price.Wal-Mart spent a significant amount of time meeting vendors and netherstanding their cost structure. By making the process transparent, the retailer could be certain that the manufacturers were doing their best to cut knock down costs. Once satisfied, Wal-Mart believed in establishing a long-term relationship with the vendor. In its attempt to drive hard bargains, Wal-Mart did not even spare big manufacturers like Procter & Gamble. However, the company, generally, preferable local and functional vendors and suppliers. Logistics An important feature of Wal-Marts logistics infrastructure was its fast and responsive transportation system. Wal-Mart maintained a strict vigil over its drivers by keeping a record of their activities through the Private Fleet Driver Hand give-and-take. The purpose of the book was to educate the drivers with regard to the code of conduct.Non-compliance to the hand book would result in the termination of the driver. To influence its distribution process more efficient, Wal-Mart also made use of a logistics technique known as sink in docking. In this system, the finished goods were directly supplied to the customers. The system reduced the handling and storage of finished goods, virtually eliminating the role of the distribution centers and stores. Information Systems Wal-Mart invested heavily in IT and intercourses systems to effectively track sales and merchandise inventories in stores across the country. With the rapid expansion of Wal-Mart stores in the US, it was essential to have a good communication system. Wal-Mart set up its own satellite communication system in 1983.They were able to reduce unproductive inventory by allowing stores to manage their own stocks, decrease pack sizes across many product categories, and timely price markdowns. Instead of cutting inventory across the board, Wal-Mart made full use of its IT capabilities to make more inventories available in the case of items that customers wanted or so, while reducing the overall inventory levels. The order focusing and store replenishment of goods were entirely executed with the financial aid of computers through the Point-of Sales (POS) system.Through this system it was possible to monitor and track the sales and merchandise stock levels o n the store shelves. Quality and Customer process When Sam Walton started Wal-Mart in 1962, he felt that each Wal-Mart needed to reflect the vision of the community and the pass judgments of each customer. This way of doing business became the Wal-Mart organizational culture. organisational culture is what a company values and this value reflects on how companies conduct their business. harmonize to Time magazines website, Sam Walton believed that if you work toward excellence and provide passion with your work, you will gain a loyal customer base. Wal-Mart trains employees on how to problem solve and develops each employee to focus on pleasing the customer.The slogan of delight guaranteed is something that Wal-Mart says it takes seriously. Wal-Mart says it trains employees to ask customers if they need assistance or tutorials on how a particular product functions. Another function of Wal-Mart customer strategies is having greeters at the door of every store. Wal-Mart heed feel that if customers are greeted by a friendly face, this enhances their shopping experience. Wal-Mart says it spends time and m sensationy on its employees to ensure that the philosophy of Sam Walton is instilled into each new employee.According to the Wal-Mart website, Wal-Mart trains its employees on excellent customer skills. Wal-Mart believes that if customers gets what they want at a good price, this will keep them coming back to the store. 2. Search on the term impart string management. How many hits did you get? Describe five of the websites ensnare in your search. How many hits?- only 247,000,0005 of the websitesWhat is render Chain Management? Describing what offer chain management is. The hot new M.B.A. Supply-Chain Management. Goes into how universities have recently introduced undergraduate majors for allow chain management. Council of Supply Chain management Professionals Homepage.They provide education, research, connections for supply chain management. Module 1 What is Supply Chain Management? Its a YouTube video introducing viewers to the field of SCM. Supply Chain Management Certificate. Describes what SCM is and offers advanced passkey supply chain management certificate. 3. Go to www.agrichaincentre.com (or a similar website found when searching on New Zealand supply chain management), and discuss the current give in of supply chain (or value chain) management in New Zealand. I went to the site I didnt see anything on the current state of supply mgmt.. 4. Search for the term bullwhip effect and pen a penning on the impacts of the bullwhip effect and the companies profiled in the papers you find.IMPACTS OF THE BULLWHIP EFFECTFrom the case study, in the early 1990s, P&G faced a problem of extreme demands variation for its Pamper diapers. Although the purchase rate somehow remain steady at the customer end, it has been found that the variation of order rates amplify up the supply chain, from the retailer level to the distributor l evel. This phenomenon is called bullwhip effect, and the distorted information from one end of a supply chain to the other can lead to tremendous inefficiencies, such as excessive inventory investment, poor customer service, lost revenues, misguided capacity plans, trifling transportation, and missed production agendas.What happens when a supply chain is plagued with a bullwhip effect that distorts its demand information as it is transmitted up the chain? In the past, without being able to see the sales of its products at the distribution channel stage, HP had to rely on the sales orders from the resellers to make product forecasts, plan capacity, control inventory, and schedule production.Big variations in demand were a major problem for HPs management. The common symptoms of such variations could be excessive inventory, poor product forecasts, light or excessive capacities, poor customer service due to unavailable products or long backlogs, uncertain production planning (i.e., e xcessive revisions), and high costs for corrections, such as for expedited shipments and overtime.HPs product division was a victim of order swings that were exaggerated by the resellers relative to their sales it, in turn, created excess exaggerations of order swings to suppliers. P&G still need to be careful when use the information sharing, because it is only an initial step to reduce the bullwhip effect deep down a supply chain, if use it from other stages continuously will lead to other problems. For instance, the POS data for a cosmetics store of P&G is not expedient for suppliers of Pamper diapers.Moreover, if P&G cannot ensure its short order lead time, information sharing could be redundant because its supply chain is not able-bodied of capitalizing on that information. Coordination in the supply chain is the next primary technique. Besides the Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI) which P&G has already applied, the Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR) could also be used to moderate the bullwhip effect, as well as to reduce cost. Finally, the generous return policies that manufacturers offer retailers aggravate gaming. Without a penalty, retailers will continue to exaggerate their call for and cancel orders. Not surprisingly, some computer manufacturers are beginning to enforce more stringent cancellation policies.The bullwhip effect results from rational decision making by members in the supply chain. Companies can effectively counteract the effect by thoroughly understanding its underlying causes. Industry leaders like Procter & Gamble are implementing in advance(p) strategies that pose new challenges integrating new information systems, defining new organizational relationships, and implementing new incentive and measurement systems. The choice for companies is clear either allow the bullwhip effect paralyze you or find a way to conquer it.5. Search on the term supply chain Management software applications, and write a paper somewhat how companies use these to improve their financial performance.Software Application Improve Supply Chain Management Financial PerformanceSupply chain management software is possibly the most fractured group of software applications on the planet. Some vendors have assembled many different chunks of software together under a single roof, but no one has a complete package that is right for every company. For example, most companies need to track demand, supply, manufacturing status, logistics (i.e. where things are in the supply chain), and distribution. They also need to share data with supply chain partners at an ever increasing rate. While products from large ERP (enterprise resource planning) vendors like soft touchs Advanced Planner and Optimizer (APO) can perform many or all of these tasks, because each industrys supply chain has a bizarre set of challenges, many companies decide to go with targeted best of breed products instead, even if some integration is an inev itable consequence.Its worth mentioning that the old adage about systems only being as good as the information that they contain applies doubly to SCM. If the information entered into a demand forecasting application is not accurate, whence you will get an inaccurate forecast. Similarly, if employees bypass the supply chain systems and try to manage things manually (using the fax machine or spreadsheets), then even the most expensive systems will provide an incomplete picture of what is happening in a companys supply chain. Effective supply chain management boosts profitability by systematically reducing the overall costs associated with goods and services.Using SCM Software could increase the return on your investment by using the similar principles that are used in big software companies abilities increase quality, speed production, and reduce costs, and extending them to your supply network. You collaborate with your suppliers in real time, improving the relationships and the o verall management of your supply chain. SCM software manages the entire process, from requisitioning to purchase order creation, receiving, invoice payment, and the tracking of supplier performance. It supports high-volume repetitive deliveries with supplier schedules specifying date and hour of delivery. Long term plans can be shared with suppliers allowing them to order raw materials, plan production, and arrange deliveries based on accurate, reliable data.SCM software helps to avoid the costly fines and penalties associated with defaults on regulatory compliance by maintaining the global knowledge necessary to fulfill cross-border transactions within governmental and customs regulations. Supply chain management (SCM) is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the trading operations of the supply chain as efficiently as possible. Supply chain management goes into improving the way a company finds the raw agents it needs to make a product or service and deliver it to customers. Using supply chain management software and tools can bring greater speed and accuracy to the way a company do business thereby saving you time and money.6. Search on green supply chains, and write a paper regarding the global regulatory status of environmental legislation and how it is impacting supply chain management.Impact of Environmental Legislation on Supply Chain Management wholeness of many challenges in environmental management is compliance with new environmental regulations. For instance, the EU recently requested all electrical and electronic products being exported to the region to follow the restrictions of hazardous substances (RoHS) directives in order to reduce certain substances used in products. Another regulation, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), aims at promoting reuse, recycling, and other forms of retrieval in order to reduce the waste. Those regulations presented unprecedented challenges to international supply chains. Failing to comply with the regulations could result in loss of sales and reputation. For instance, in 2001, over one million SONY Play Stations were rejected by Dutch customs for containing environmentally hazardous substances.From the perspective of supply chain management, environmental regulations impose fast pressure on manufacturing firms from different countries along a supply chain to work together to ensure the elimination of any hazardous substances. As component suppliers revamp their products, contract manufacturers retool their manufacturing lines, and OEMs redesign many of their products.There is an unprecedented level of change in international supply chains because of this new roll of environmental movements. In the case of regulation compliance, many small manufacturers from developing countries lack the necessary experience and resources to respond to new environmental requirements imposed by downstream partners from developed countries. As developed countries move toward higher value-adding products and services, developing countries would assume a larger share of manufacturing functions in the global supply chain, thereby shouldering greater environ- mental burden.Whether supplier resistance will stymie progress toward green supply chain management is critical to compliance with environmental regulations. Currently, the practices of, and barriers to dissimilar supply chain parties to cope with environmental regulations are not fully understood. It is possible that the trend of globalization and the enforcement of regulations have increased the impact of industry on green manufacturing practices. More studies should be conducted to re-examine the effects of the cultural and industry factors.Effort is made to ensure the quality of this case study. For example, the study selected theoretically utilizable cases, used multiple investigators and respondents, conducted reliability and validity tests, collected multiple sources of evidence, and systemat ically searched for cross-case patterns. There are still some potential shortcomings regarding the generalization of the findings. For instance, the findings confirm the value of green partnerships but not the specific involvement of individual supply chain parties.African Journal of Business Management Vol. 5(26), pp. 10601-10614, 28 October, 2011 Available online at http//www.academicjournals.org/AJBM DOI 10.5897/AJBM11.518 ISSN 1993-8233 2011 Academic JournalsLee, Hau L., V. Padmanabhan, and Seungjin Whang. The Bullwhip Effect In Supply Chains1. Sloan management review 38.3 (1997) 93-102. iii J. D. Sterman, Modeling managerial behavior misperceptions of feedback in a dynamic decision making experiment, Management Science, vol. 35, pp. 321339, 1989. iiiii Lee, H.L., V. Padmanabhan, and S. Whang. Comments on Information Distortion in a Supply Chain The Bullwhip Effect, Management Science, 50(12), 1887-1893, 2004. iiiiv Wilck, Joseph H. Managing the Bullwhip Effect.Unpublished Ph. D . Dual Degree, Industrial technology and Operations Research, College of Engineering (available at http//www. engr. psu. edu/symposium2006/papers/Session% 203D% 20-% 20Modeling% 20and% 20Engineering% 20Applications/Wilck. pdf, accessed July 2009) (2006). ivv Gilbert, K. An ARIMA Supply Chain Model, Management Science, 51(2), 305-310, 2005. vvi Chopra, S. and P. Meindl. Supply Chain Management. Second Edition, Prentice Hall, 478-504, 2004. vivii 4 Dejonckheere, J., S.M. Disney, M.R. Lambrecht, and D.R. Towill. Measuring and Avoiding the Bullwhip Effect A Control Theoretic Approach, European Journal of Operational Research, 147, 567-590, 2003. viiviii Chen, Frank, et al.Quantifying the bullwhip effect in a simple supply chain The impact of forecasting, lead times, and information. Management science 46.3 (2000) 436-443. 1. This initiative was engineered by Kurt chromatic Associates but propelled by executives from a group of innovative companies like Procter & Gamble and Campbell So up Company. See Kurt Salmon Associates, ECR Enhancing Consumer Value in the Grocery Industry (Washington, D.C. report, January 1993) and F.A. Crawford, ECR A Mandate for Food Manufacturers? Food Processing, volume 55, February 1994, pp. 3442. 2. J.A. Cooke, The $30 Billion Promise, Traffic Management, volume 32, December 1993, pp. 5759. 3.J. Sterman, Modeling Managerial Behavior Misperception of Feedback in a Dynamic Decision-Making Experiment, Management Science, volume 35, calculate 3, 1989, pp. 321339. 4. Sterman (1989) and P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization (New York Doubleday/Currency, 1990). 5. For a theoretical treatment of this subject, see H.L. Lee, P. Padmanabhan, and S. Whang, Information Distortion in a Supply Chain The Bullwhip Effect, Management Science, 1997, forthcoming. 6. M. Millstein, P&G to Restructure Logistics and Pricing, Supermarket News, 27 June 1994, pp. 1, 49. 7. V. Carroll, H.L. Lee, and A.G. Rao, Implication s of Salesforce Productivity, Heterogeneity and Demotivation A Navy Recruiter national Study, Management Science, volume 32, number 11, 1986, pp. 13711388. 8. Salmon (1993).9. P. Sellers, The Dumbest Marketing Ploy, Fortune, volume 126, 5 October 1992, pp. 8893. 10. P. Kotler, Marketing Management Analysis, Planning, Implementation, and Control (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey Prentice Hall, 1997). 11. R.D. Buzzell, J.A. Quelch, and W.J. Salmon, The pricey Bargain of Trade Promotion, Harvard Business Review, volume 68, MarchApril 1990, pp. 141148. 12. Sellers (1992).13. Ibid.14. Lee et al. (1997).15. L. Lode, The Role of Inventory in Delivery Time Competition, Management Science, volume 38, number 2, 1992, pp. 182197. 16. Personal communication with Hewlett-Packard.17. K. Kelly, Burned by Busy Signals Why Motorola Ramped up Production Way Past Demand, Business Week, 6 March 1995, p. 36. 18. Rory J. OConnor, gossip Bolsters IBM Shares, San Jose Mercury News, 8 October 1994, p. 9D. 19 . M. Reid, Change at the Check-Out, The Economist, volume 334, 4 March 1995, pp. 318. 20. A. Clark and H. Scarf, Optimal Policies for a Multi-Echelon Inventory Problem, Management Science, volume 6, number 4, 1960, pp. 465490. 21. E.K. Clemons and M. Row, McKesson do drugs Company A Strategic Information System, Journal of Management Information Systems, volume 5, Summer 1988, pp. 3650. 22. Millstein (1994).23. T. Smart, Jack Welchs Cyber-Czar, Business Week, 5 magisterial 1996, pp. 8283. 24. G. Stern, Retailers of P&G to Get New Plan on Bills, Shipment, Wall Street Journal, 22 June 1994. 25. Reid (1995).26. H.L. Richardson, How Much Should You Outsource?, Transportation and Distribution, volume 35, family line 1994, pp. 6162. 27. Z. Schiller, Ed Artzts Elbow Grease Has P&G Shining, Business Week, 10 October 1994, pp. 8486. 28. R. Mathews, CRP Moves Towards Reality, Progressive Grocer, volume 73, July 1994, pp. 4344.

Equality and Inclusion in Health and Social Care

Promote comparability and inclusion body in health, social care or childrens and young peoples orbits.Explain what is meant by DiversityThe differences between individuals and groups in society arising from gender, heathen origins, social, cultural or religious back ground, familtnstructure, disabilities, sexuality and appearance. Equality- is ensuring individuals or groups of individuals are treated fairly and every bit and no less favourably, specific to their needs, including areas of race, gender, disability, religion or belief, sexual orientation and age.Inclusion is about equal opportunities for all, some(prenominal) their age, gender, ethnicity, attainment and background.Describe the potiential effects of discriminationDiscrimination against children makes them mother a low-self esteem and they find life very lonely. They may frisky towards those discriminating them and perform poorly when it comes to activities set for them. They may become defensive and are reluctant to subscribe to for help for fear of ridicule or embarrassment.Explain how inclusive practise promotes equality and supports salmagundiPromoting inclusion is to help children have positive places towards differences and so reduce the comparablelihood thst they will develop prejudiced views, you can practise this in ways such as helping children see differnces in a positive way- as provoke and enriching to all our lives and develop positive and respectful attitudes towards people from all walks of life.Explain how legislation and code of practice relating to eqaulity, diversity and discrimination apply to your own work roleThe Equality Act 2010 gos together all previous acts relating to equality and discrimination. The Act applies to all organisations that provide a service to the public. The Act protects all individuals and groups from discrimination. Early years setting must be aware of these laws and have in place a policy regarding equality of opportunities and for reenforc ement children with learning difficulties and disabilities Providers must also have regard to the SEN code of practice.The EYFS also states that providers have a responsibility to enssure positive attitudes to diversity and difference. Within my setting we have a Equality and Diversity policy and a SEN and disability policy these policies must be followed by staff and integrated in to our working practice. The policies bring together all the main points from the various acts and the requirements of the EYFS.Describe how to challange discrimination in a way that promotes changeYou should never geld or vindicate such discriminatory behaviour any more than you would ignore or excuse someone if they inflicted physical pain on someone else. It must be addressed because if you do non respond and just let the incident pass you are contributing to the person feeling that it is refreshing to speak or behave that way. To promote change you need to change peoples attitude toward other rac es, sexuality, religion etc.We try to educate our children in my setting about different culture, disabilities by doing things comparable having time so that children can share their experiences with each other, and encourage them to think of other peoples feelings and share different options with each other and also give them the opportunity to think about what it is like foe other people and ask them to think about themselves in other people shoes.

Civil Rights in the 1960’s Essay

Have you ever sat rase and wondered to yourself, what it would be like if schools, restrooms, restaurants, and steady frequent transportation were still segregated today? The majority of hatful who were born after the 1970s portion out for granted how lucky we are as a country and nation to bind strike slavery and the steps against racism we have battled are way through. Slavery was terminaled when Abraham Lincoln wrote the independence Proclamation in 1863 and was later ratified in December of 1865. Though this law ordered the end to slavery it did very little if nothing to stop the racism that was given towards blacks or any another(prenominal) nonage. Until the late 1950s not many another(prenominal) an(prenominal) presidents or Congressman had tried to legislate gracious rights laws. The cultivated Rights struggle that heated up to its climax in the 1960s was neither a simple nor precious task by any means. some Presidents tried winning on the civil rights movemen t starting with Harry S. Truman.Truman was not for racial equality among blacks and often said so, but he wanted beauteousness and equality forrader the law (Patterson 378-382). Once Truman got the b every(prenominal) rolling for the starting time time since Abraham Lincoln, Truman pushed for a civilian Rights bill and the movement quickly started to escalate and it became one of the main issues of American politics. The next man to take office was John F Kennedy Kennedy acted as though he had plans to address civil rights issues and is cognise for dictum Ask not what your country can do for youask what you can do for your country in his inaugural address( ). Kennedys plans were never met in his short time as president payable to parceling in 1963.Kennedy dying meant Lyndon Johnson was the next president to take president and her went on to make the next boastfully civil rights legislation when the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was established. It took the support of millions a nd the lives of thousands for our country to realize that race should not be segregated because of their ethnicity or color of their skin. One of the first and largest groups of civil rights movement supporters was young state and in intermiticular college students.A college student in 1963 saw a very different daily beautify than a catamenia college student check up ons today. Today kids grow up side by side with minority kids throughout their daily lives gumption then they might have been the lucky few and grown up looking at blacks as equals, but to a greater extent than likely they viewed them as inferiors, or even only if plain animals. Then these young racists knew know better and went away to College and found themselves in one of the first places you could find support of the civil rights movement. There are many reasons to why the b exclusively picked up amphetamine so fast at universities. The first reason being the young great deal of the 60s had not lived along side slaves or indentured servants nor did they see the spacious depression or WW2 as had many of their parents and politicians of the times, so they had a different view on racism.The young people of the 60s were viewed by the older generations specially t hose down of the south, as being soft for not having to deal with the hardships they had to such as the great depression and the World Wars ( ). Instead of going to work before graduating high school like people in the1920s and 1930s people were graduating high school and even getting jobs. This caused for a to a greater extent educated and affluent generation which usually runs along with having certain moral standings such as treating people of a different race equally to people of your own. With a generation grownupger than ever before and more people going to college than ever before it caused for a huge explosion of self-freedom. There was many different ways students would show there want of freedom (Patterson 407-408).A very common praxis in the 1960s was for blacks and fellow college students to have sit-ins at all white diners or transportation places. These sit-ins consisted of a group or single African American going in and fetching a seat where only whites are allowed to sit and refuse to leave. Hundreds of sit-ins occurred around the nation and many taking place on university campuses run by students themselves. Several of these sit-ins are famed for the effectiveness they afterwards achieved and others for the soulfulnessnel that was caused upon the rejectors (Patterson 382-386).The most illustrious case is the story of genus Rosa Parks. Rosa Parks was on a public bus in the racist Montgomery, Alabama when the bus driver asked her to give her colored seat to a white man, because the white section was full. Rosa refused to get out of her seat and it resulted in her getting arrested. Rosa was not the first African American to refuse leaving her seat for a white person but she was viewed by the NAACP as the best case to adjure in court.( )In the famous run-in of Jesse Jackson, In many ways, history is marked as before and after Rosa Parks. She sat down in order that we all might stand up, and the walls of segregation began to come down( ).The support of white students to appraise fellow African American students to sit-ins was not always there. Local and national news stations started to disseminate live footage of what was happening on the streets to protestors of segregation. The emotion put on a young college student when they see one of their peers that attend college to get an education just like them gets blasted with a fire hose from ten feet away or gets viciously attacked by police dogs.This picture caused thousands of other students to want to fight for change as well. Along with the new access to live feed news there were people such as Martin Luther King Jr. who were doing all they could to paint the realistic picture of the life of an American black man during segregation. Luther got his point across in multiple ways including his famous memoir, Why We ratt Wait, in this memoir he explains how horrible the everyday life of an African American in America can be and how politicians for years have just looked over the horrific discourse of blacks and that it has been too long and the time is now(King Jr 11-13).Besides the sit-ins occurring across the nation African Americans and whites were also organizing enclosure to protest segregation as well. Along with the marches inspiring barbarismes such as Martin Luther Kings famous I Have a Dream speech were given. Kings 17 minute speech that was given in front of over 250,000 Americans on the steps of Lincoln Memorial, is one of the most long-familiar and moving speeches in American history(Patterson385-386).A large number of the people in the crowd were college students, due to the appeal Martin Luther King drew from young people. He gained this appeal by talking of equality of r aces and the gamble for any man or woman to become whatever they pleased and not be held back due to race, religion or any other difference a person may have. spot students saw the abuse blacks were taking simply for the color of their skin they started to join unneurotic on marches and attending civil rights rallies. The more the King, Thurgood Marshall, Rosa Parks, and many others protested and spread the word of unfair treatment the more support of younger generation people began to support the civil rights movement.Another reason for the large matter of college students within the civil rights movement of the 1960s was due to the dramatically growing amount of student nonionized groups that were fighting for true democracy and equality to all. One of these organizations was the Students for Democratic Society (SDS). SDS was founded in 1960 but had grow dating to the early 1900s the goal of SDS was to mainly protest and voice the message that equality to all and peaceful me ans makes a successful country ( ). SDS was not the only organization that was taking big steps to get the civil rights movement moving, there were hundreds if not thousands of organizations that were meeting about and protesting the civil rights movement. These groups were known for telling young people what they wanted to hear and some even became militant groups. Membership in these organizations grew drastically once Lyndon Johnson started sending more and more troops into Vietnam.The Vietnam War itself had little impact on the civil rights movement of the United States, but it did however portray the world image that America was not going to let communistic governments take control of countries and deny their own people of civil rights. Many Americans did not agree with the war and saw it was neither the time nor the place to go and fight a war on foreign soil when the devastating effects of WW2 were still in the back of peoples minds. The largest critic of the war was overwhel ming young people, they saw themselves as the ones being sent to cash in ones chips for a reason that was not worthy of American lives.Though segregation and a war in Asia seem to have little in common on the surface, during the reform of the 1960s they found to each one other going hand in hand. Many African Americans of the United States believed that if we were fighting in a foreign country to reserve their peoples civil rights, then they would soon get their civil rights protected as well. They were mistaken and by this and the huge support of the anti-war movement and the animosity growing against the current segregation laws molded into one giant movement. This movement being carried by young people, who saw the hypothesis of change, carried throughout the nation and became the biggest civil rights movement in American history since abolishing slavery (Patterson 413-422).Now that we have an idea of what growing up with segregation looks like and how it can split a nation in two, I think I can say that joining the activist movement when it began in the 1960s was almost a no brainer to many young people of that generation. They had a tremendous amount of haul from their fellow black peers to be viewed as equals, they had an unwanted war fueling a large part of the country, and they were also a generation that believed in change and ending the horrible acts that were committed under segregation. With all the pressures from outside sources and the generation as a whole going through a freedom crisis, college students came together and became the perfect torch barriers for the civil rights movement.

Fire and Ice Analysis

Kailey Ausley Ms. Shumpert position 1102 TGAF 04 April 2013 An Ambiguous Meaning A meter is used to express the emotions and experiences of the author. There are four types of poems narrative, lyric, instructive, and dramatic. A narrative poem contains a sequence of events in chronological order that tells the ref a story. A dramatic poem is norm whollyy used for onstage performances with dramatic monologue. A lyric poem is songlike, and the subject matter is not song appropriate. A lyric poem has rime, which is where lyric look alike, and rhyme, which is where the words sound alike only.A didactic poem teaches the subscriber morals or a lesson. A reader can, however, develop many meanings behind the poem due to a certain way he is picture or a life experience. In poetry, there is no right or wrong meaning. numbers speaks to each of its readers differently. In Robert Frosts poem hassle and Ice, it is both a lyric and didactic poem. There are several meanings that can be arg ued in Fire and Ice. Is Frosts Fire and Ice about the world ending or a past distinguish that has ended? In the first two lines, Frost writes, well-nigh say the world pass on end in fire, / Some say in ice. The first thought that comes to mind when reading these two lines is that the poem is about the struggle on how the world will one day end. Christians deliberate that the world is going to end in fire as the Bible says. Second Peter chapter three, verse twelve declares, But the day of the original will come as a thief in the night, in which the heavens will expand away with a great noise, and the elements will melt with fervent heat both the earth and the works that are in it will be burned up. People not of the Christian faith believe that the world is going to end, just not in fire.The Earth once experienced an ice age, and scientists crap deemed it confessedly that this is how the Earth will end once again. A reader may not go through the first two lines to be rel ated to a past relationship in any way. Consequently, the circumstance will probably have a literal meaning until reading further into the poem. The third and quaternate lines however may cause the reader to begin questioning the meaning behind the poem. Frost writes in these lines, From what Ive tasted of desire/ I hold with those who favor fire (Frost 441).Frost states that he has experienced desire at some point in his life, and he delighted in it. Frost could have experienced the love of God and could have known He is existent. Frost could also be using these lines to inform the reader of a passionate relationship. Although the reader does not know exactly what Frost is referring to, it is recognizable that he has a deep passion towards something. Frost writes in lines five through nine, But if it had to perish twice, / I come back I know enough of hate/ To say that for destruction ice/ Is also great/ and would fare (Frost 441).These five lines give the impression of contrad iction to the first four lines. Frost goes from talking about stopping point by fire to oddment by ice (Frost 441). Frost says though that if he had a jiffy chance he would choose ice. The reader can comprehend here that Frost is saying boththing will come to an end eventually. If he is talking about how the world will end, he knows that human death is inevitable and everyone will die. Perhaps Frost is talking about a relationship he knows that all good things must come to an end.He would rather the relationship to end in fire, or passion, but if it ends in cold, heartless ice, it is okay because it was going to end at some point (Frost 441). To simply say that this poem was about either of the aforementioned would not be fair. Poetry has its own way with each and every reader. However, there are two things that are certain no matter who the reader is this poem is a didactic because it teaches a lesson and lyric because it has rime and rhyme. The lesson of this poem is that ever ything must come to an end, whether it is good or bad.Frost neer revealed the true reason of writing this poem, but he did write it to express his emotions. Maybe he was literally talking about how the world was going to end, or he could have been talking about a lost relationship. Because Frost never gave the true meaning, the reader is left to let the imagination wonder. Without a true meaning, the reader can form his own opinion from what speaks to him within the poem. Frost, Robert. Fire and Ice. Backpack Literature An entering to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, And Writing. Ed. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. New York Pearson, 2012. 441. Print.

Benetton baby Essay

Benetton baby was produced as a 1991 callising escape that also included images of a priest kissing a nun and coloured leaves floating in a sea of petrol. Although I would presume Benetton would be trying to show the beauty and goodness of the in the buff born baby they claim Benetton is non trying to punctuate the beauty a and goodness of its apparel, further rather is trying to capture the interest or people The objective is to brake through the barrier of indifference. But I believe that the image is in anyway offensive or wrong.The image consists of a unexampledborn baby trailing its umbilical cord, the baby is covered in blood, and two hands, presumably of a Doctor, are waiting to receive the child. This was created to appear on billboard so the shire size would cast off the image impossible to be missed. The background is white therefore the baby stands out. The logo is included to the left-hand(a) of the advertisement and is very small almost insignificant. The image is very clear and non edited in any way to make the situation more attractive I agree with the advertisement alone.Although it is a strange way to advertise I give birth no objections. The image is very large and strength not be what all people want to witness it but birth of babies are bare on the television as entertainment or education in more graphic detail. Isnt a baby being born the most wonderful experience? But people did only complain, the public disagreed strongly with this image the poster. Has attracted more than 800 complaints. 800 is not a particularly large do when in comparison with the millions that would have witness the advertisement.The complaints consisted of the image is shocking and distasteful , domainy children are describe to have found it disturbing and objections regarding the exploitative use of such an image to sell clothes. All complaints where do to an advertising organisation called the ASA. The Advertising Standards Authority began in 1962 by the advertising industry. The ASA practises a voluntary enroll of practice called The British Code of Advertising and sales promotion practise. The code declares that all advertisements must be legal, decent honest and truthful.They must not be offensive or downgrade competitors they must not deliberately misinform. Benetton baby does break some of these rules. The first rule broken in some points of eyeshot is decency No advert should contain any matter that is likely to cause widespread offence. The advert may be offensive to a mother who recently had a miscarriage. As to a charwoman whose child has recently died or to a woman who cannot become a mother.Etc. however this culture cant be held against Benetton as a second rule in the code states, the fact that a product may be found offensive by some people Is not a sufficient basis under the code for objecting an advertisement for it therefore the advert is within its own chastens. verity . cause be easily grasped and clearly understood the advertisement isnt entirely clear. From the advertisement just you are not able to grasp what exactly the clothing company is retailing. However the advertisement does not lead you to believe that the Benetton Company sells babies or anything else, for that matter. Looking decease in the salute An ad show the image of a man dying of AIDS, surrounded by his family.The logo is present also but, as with the others, it is small and unimportant. The camera shot is very provocative, it is very close up. The dying man obviously and designedly is made to resemble Jesus this has been done by computer. The image almost makes you fell an intruder in the scene. This has led to furious debate about the limits of advertising. Benetton claims, It was as if the reality of suffering only had dignity and clean value in the editorial section of a newspaper and lost all its ability to set and sensitize people when in contagious contact with advertising. Published by an En glish daily forwards its official presentation, the photo provoked a controversy that extended from Great Britain throughout the world. The AIDS ad may, however be seen by some as trying to profit from peoples wound rather than simply offending the more traditionalist members of society. One British AIDS charity agreed, enchantment some the Statesn gay activists disagree, saying the advertisements gives the issue a higher public profile. The parents of the dying man may feel the same since, according to Benetton, they approved the companys use of the photo.With this new project, Benetton has at once again chosen to look reality in the face by embarking upon a social issue, as he did in previous campaigns that focused on war, Aids, discrimination and racism. Harshly attacked by some and internationally applauded by others, Benettons campaigns have managed to tear down the wall of indifference contributing at change magnitude the awareness of universal problems among worlds citiz ens. Both the advertisements, Benettons baby and looking death in the face Where concealed and eventually banned across the world.There is more to this than the old saying that all packaging is good publicity. Oliviero Toscani, Benettons adman, claims the campaigns are not designed to offend, but rather to raise consciousness. A more plausible interpretation is that Benetton is trying to sell sweaters to the young and hip and those who like to think of themselves in that way. What breach means to appeal to them than by offending an older generation of their parents? 7th January 2000 At the beginning of the new millennium, Benetton publicized the real faces of the prisoners on death row, without a future.Remorseful or unremorseful, smiling or sad, water-loving or ill, they all are guilty in the eyes of the human law. Many have their munition crossed one is shown reading the Bible. Almost all of them are looking directly at the camera, at you. These portraits of dozens of indivi duals sentenced to death are the results of Oliviero Toscanis two years of work which he visited several American prisons. The campaign is about the death penalty this project aims at presentation to the public the reality of heavy(p) punishment, aiming to prevent people considering the death penalty as a distant matter, just something they might take about on television.Toscanis images intend to give back a human face to the prisoners on death row, to remind respectable people who are always so sure theyre right that these people are human Beings not virtual characters easily removed or secured with a bare(a) click as with a game. The campaign appeared on billboards and on the pages of the major publishing companies around Europe, America and Asia in January 2000. Toscani spoke for the prisoners when he said, that having killed has changed them forever, and for the worst. Speedy Rice a writer, on be fractional of the NACDl (National Association of Criminal demur Lawyers) who h as contributed to the campaign by patiently contacting and negotiating with prisons Mr. Rice mentions that during 1999 there has been a huge rise in the function of executions in the United States. Of the 600 death sentences that were passed between 1976 and the end of the 20thcentury, approximately 100 executions were carried out in 1999. Benetton advertisements to me have a strong meaning, which differs from individual to individual. For some the adverts are merely indicating how ignorant the world is to daylight.How people emphasise on looking a certain way and how they foresee others. To others they may be seen as a source of entertainment something to discuss on the train or to your local cab driver that result never silence. There are many other views but mine is this I agree entirely with the advertisements, although others wont. The ads are unique and contain righteous issues that may keep the brain puzzled all day to find. As there has been such uproar in disagreement co ncerning the ads this has given Benetton a vast follow of free advertisement.I like all the adverts I have been analysing although I do prefer the death row images. These appeal to me a majority more as they have more of a moral message, and become challenging to comprehend the death penalty law. You are left asking yourself, Do I agree with the death penalty? All of the benetton advertisements caused great amounts of controversial disagreement. The three mentioned esspecialy, as to more than half the world they have no meaning, as to others they offend highly.

Lord Byron

In Excerpt from Don Juan, assist the following Select 3 stanzas from Canto I that you can explain. Do not give plot summary, so carefully choose a stanza that lends itself to analysis or some research. Write somewhat three to iv sentences. In Subject government note, identify your stanza, e.g., 44 (Canto I, Stanza 44).Stanza 5Brave men were living before AgamemnonAnd since, stupendous various and Sage,A good deal corresponding him too, though quite the same none 35But then they shone not on the Poets page,And so have been forgotten I reprove none,But cant find any in present ageFit for my numbers (that is, for my New One)So, as I said, Ill take my friend Don Juan. 40In analyzing Stanza 5, its interesting to read as we wonder who else Byron may have considered in this poesy he sit down down to publish. Was he considering other brave men, poets, heroes before finalizing it with Don Juan? Who were the others a great deal like him (Canto 1, Stanza 5, Line 35). This stanza ca n be more than interesting to readers who examine the history of what was viewed as the scandalous moot nature of his writing of Don Juan and what concessions did Byron have to end up making before it was published. Stanza 5 sums up what he was saying about heroes in the previous stanzas.Stanza 6Most epic poets plunge in medias res(Horace makes this the heroic turnpike road),And then your hero tells, wheneer you please,What went beforeby the way of episode, art object seated after dinner at his ease, 45Beside his mistress in some soft abode,Palace, or garden, paradise, or cavern,Which serves the happy couple for a tavern.The analysis of Stanza 6 lets the reader in that Byron is intention each(prenominal)y not following Horaces recommendation of when to start an epic. Byron is (intentionally?) not following the rules of what at the time was being seen by other writers as the better way of starting an epic, which was in the middle. This stanza proves to us the writer is choosing not to write using the examples of Homer or Virgil but writing this epic his own way (Canto 1, Stanza 6, Lines 41-44).Stanza 7That is the commonplace method, but not mineMy way is to begin with the beginning 50The regularity of my designForbids all locomote as the worst of sinning,And therefore I shall open with a line(Although it cost me one-half an hour in spinning)Narrating somewhat of Don Juans father, 55And also of his mother, if youd rather.Although the reader isnt aware of it until later, Byron reveals to us that he knew in advance he would digress in the poem (Canto 1, Stanza 7, Line 54). The reader promptly learns that was the writer Byrons intention from the start. The reader can wonder if Byron is even intended of how he changes some of the traditional epic writing in writing this work.In Excerpt from Childe Harolds Pilgrimage, answer the following1. Does the Byronic hero know any form of Keatsian spot?Yes, in that Keatsian love is often associated with beauty-as-truth. In Canto 2, Stanza 9 we read as Byron writes of having loved and it was still in his thoughts although he is now alone with those thoughts. We also read of this beauty-as-truth love in Canto III Stanza I when he relates of the love for his daughter.2. outset with stanza 17, the narrator talks about Waterloo. Why?Waterloo is current to at this time to Byron. Just a a couple of(prenominal) months before this, the fate of Europe had been decided because of that Battle. So it is important that the reader is aware that it is sacred cause to him. The battle was fought on June 18th, 1815 which makes this a very relevant event during his lifetime of 1788-1824.3. In what ways is this poem about mid-life crises?Childe in this epic refers to a knight and we read as this knight is gloomily wandering as a vicious world-worn man. In his thoughts throughout the pilgramage it relates closely to a man who is going through similar thoughts a man in mid-life crises might go through as though he h as already fully lived.4. How does the Byronic hero relate to nature?Byron relates better to nature than he does to humans. In Canto 4, Stanza 178, Byron states this on that point is a pleasure in the pathless woods, in that location is a rapture on the lonely shore. There is society where none intrudes, By the deep Sea, and music in its roar I love not Man the less, but Nature more, From these our interviews, in which I steal From all I may be, or have been before, To mingle with the Universe, and feel What I can neer express, yet cannot all concealHowever, in reading this piece, I feel its obvious throughout to the reader that the writer can connect more easily with nature than humans. Because most of Byrons work is autographical in nature, this is easy to understand if the reader about Byronpersonal life.ReferencesCharacteristics of the Byronic Hero. University of Michigan. Online. Internet.17 May 2003.(2002, February 11). Childe Harolds Pilgrimage. Retrieved May 17, 2007, from TheProject Gutenberg Web site http//www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext04/chp110h.htm(2007). George Gordon, Lord Byron. Retrieved May 17, 2007, from Bobs byway Website http//www.poeticbyway.com/xbyron.html

Birth Defects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Birth Defects - try out ExampleThe paper aims at exploring some of the potent birth defects that ar plaguing the mankind probable causes fag these birth defects and the measures that can be applied to prevent the birth defects in newborns. Current Scenario in the UK smith (2011) argues that one in 80 babies suffers some kind of a birth defect in the UK such(prenominal) as run throughs syndrome or neural tube defects such as spina bifida or congenital heart disease. The surprise part is that the proportion of birth defects in the newborns has almost doubled from the previous estimate. The rise in song is purely attributed to a better data collection system and nothing else. In 2009, there were, as per the researchers estimate, 14,500 babies with some sort of birth defects in England and Wales. By the way, London had the highest cases of Downs syndrome (34 per 10,000 children) then among major towns. Heart incommode is prep are to be the most common birth defect among the newbo rns in the UK needing surgery. At least sextet share of newborns with heart disease are not likely to survive. Spina bifida or neural tube defects are found in at least one in 1,000 babies and doctors say that the birth defects could have been apparently prevented if mothers were given folic acid in adequate quantity during pregnancy. Similarly, cleft lip or palate is found to be in 15.2 babies per 10,000 Edwards syndrome in seven per 10,000 and Pataus syndrome in two per 10,000 babies of England and Wales. At least, 50 percent of the defects were detected during pregnancy itself. It is noteworthy that numbers of birth defects collectable to Downs syndrome are increasing perhaps due to pregnancy incidents at higher age (Smith, 2011). Birth Defects due to External Agents Chiras (2012) emphasises that most birth defects are caused due to some sort of chemical, physical or biological agents. Dietary deficiency of folic acid similarly plays a pivotal role in birth defects. The time of exposure to any of these agents play a crucial role in causing a birth-defect. Organ systems are the most affected separate due to the exposure to any of harmful agent. The fundamental nervous system is more at attempt because it starts developing during the third week of pregnancy a time when woman is not even awake that she is pregnant. Women in the habit of consuming alcohol or drugs are most likely to harm central nervous system, heart, limbs and eyes of the baby as these organs start developing as early as third week of pregnancy. Birth Defect Classifications Broadly, birth defects can be classified into two kinds serviceable and Structural. Functional birth defect relates with the abnormal functioning of some body part. Mental retardation, learning disabilities, speech communication difficulties are the brain defects that indicate about the functional impairment. Examples of birth defects pertaining to nervous system include Downs syndrome, autism, and Fragile X synd rome. Metabolic disorders such as phynylketonuria (PKU) or hypothyroidism are examples of functional disorder. pass lip or palate, spina bifida are the examples of Structural birth defects. Missing heart valve, abnormal limbs such as a club foot also fall in this category. Some of the birth defects that follow go out explain how they impair bodys normal functioning and learning abilities. Downs syndrome Downs syndrome is a congenital disorder impacting physical and mental growth of the child. The children with Downs syndrome are also found to be force with high incidence of heart disease, hearing or vision issues, Alzheimers disease. Downs syndrome is found more in boys (by 15%) than girls. More incidences of Down syndrome is noticed at the places where mothers give births at higher age. Mother with age 45 or above carries the

The role of two selected topics in Operation Managment Research Paper

The role of dickens selected topics in Operation Managment - Research Paper ExampleIn post to promote the competitiveness of organizations, promote damage efficient and completed methods unrestricted flow of information is necessary. Hence, the key role of supply chain in operations is to ensure that all abutes are in place in order to get accurate results. In order to ensure that the supply chain is cost effective and efficient, companies use a process known as supply chain management. A series of steps are followed by unbendable in order to ensure that the company transforms its raw materials into finished products. These series of steps whitethorn contain of five stages namely, planning, developing, creating, delivering and returning defective products. With the changing markets globally, many companies and firms are forced to review their operations policy. Companies draw changed from centralized operations to decentralized operations to be close to their markets and tak e advantage of available resources (Gunasekaran & Ngai, 2005). a) procurance One of the major roles of supply chain in operations management is that of procurement. All companies need to order goods and services in order to conduct business. A good supply chain manager is single who ensures that dress hat quality goods are obtained at the least price. In manufacturing, the key responsibility and role of a procurement specialist is to search for vendors to procure materials which match the budget constraint and quality requirement. Hence a key requirement of purchasing professionals is to develop kindreds with their suppliers and even look out for partnership options wherever feasible. A firm having an efficient supply chain management process seeks to provide purchasers multiple benefits which also embroil increased and improved coordination with suppliers. If the coordination between purchasers and suppliers is better, then this leads to increased commitment and a long term r elationship between the suppliers and purchasers thereby leading to a cost effective option to the purchasing organization (Giunipero & Brand, 1996). small organizations need to order stationaries and hence they need to maintain a regular list of vendors who provide them the best quality products at the lowest price. Hence, an efficient procurement specialist should be a good treater in order to get the best deals from the suppliers. b) Transportation One of the major roles of supply chain in operations is to efficiently handle transportation. Transportation in an essential part of the production process compensate from manufacturing of the product till the time of delivery to the final consumer and returns. The key prerequisite for this process to be prospering is to ensure excellent coordination between each component in order to attain optimum benefits (Tseng & Yue, 2005). This requires in first determining the best suited and cost effective method of transportation applicab le to the organization. Managers responsible for(p) for this first try to assess the tradeoffs in terms of price and speed. Most companies may have two or more modes of transportation depending on the urgency of the requirement. Shipping goods and equipment through a truck may be cost effective than by a flight. However, the time taken to send the consignment may be more in comparison to the time taken to send the goods by flight. Also round transport services may be highly